The depth of laser marking on leather can be controlled through parameter adjustment

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The depth of laser marking on leather can be controlled through parameter adjustment

I. Introduction
Leather, as a natural material, has been widely applied in fields such as clothing, shoes, bags, and automotive interiors due to its unique texture and aesthetic appeal. Laser marking technology has received increasing attention in leather surface marking due to its advantages such as high precision, contactless processing and environmental friendliness. However, leather is relatively soft and prone to damage, so it is crucial to control the marking depth during the laser marking process. This article will provide a detailed introduction on how to control the marking depth on leather by adjusting the laser marking parameters to achieve the desired marking effect.

Ii. Principles of Laser Marking Technology
Laser marking machines achieve marking effects by irradiating the surface of materials with high-energy-density laser beams, causing physical or chemical changes in the materials. For leather materials, laser marking mainly utilizes the thermal effect and photochemical effect of lasers:
- Thermal effect: The high energy of the laser beam causes a rapid local temperature rise on the leather surface, resulting in changes in the fiber structure of the leather surface and the formation of concave patterns or characters.
- Photochemical effect: The energy of the laser beam excites the chemical bonds on the leather surface, causing a chemical reaction that results in color changes or microstructure alterations on the surface, thereby achieving a marking effect.

Iii. Key Parameters Affecting the Depth of Laser Marking
(1) Laser power
Laser power is one of the important parameters that affect the marking depth. The higher the power, the stronger the energy of the laser beam and the deeper the marking depth.
- Low power (10-20 watts) : Suitable for shallow marking, with a relatively shallow marking depth, it is ideal for fine patterns and text.
Medium power (20-40 watts) : Suitable for marking of medium depth, with clear marking effects and suitable for most application scenarios.
- High power (40-60 watts) : Suitable for deep marking, with a relatively deep marking depth, it is ideal for applications that require deeper patterns or text.

(2) Scanning speed
The scanning speed determines the movement speed of the laser beam on the leather surface. The faster the speed, the shorter the marking time, but the marking depth and contrast may decrease.
- Low speed (100-200 mm/s) : The marking depth is relatively deep and the contrast is high, making it suitable for applications that require deeper marking.
Medium speed (200-400 mm/s) : Clear marking effect, suitable for most application scenarios.
- High speed (400-600 mm/s) : The marking time is short, but the marking depth and contrast may be relatively low, making it suitable for shallow marking.

(3) Pulse frequency
The pulse frequency determines the repetition rate of the laser pulse. The higher the frequency, the denser the laser pulses, and the finer the marking effect.
- Low frequency (10-20 kilohertz) : The laser pulses are sparse, and the marking effect is relatively rough, making it suitable for deep marking.
Medium frequency (20-40 kilohertz) : The laser pulse is moderate, and the marking effect is fine, suitable for most application scenarios.
- High frequency (40-60 kilohertz) : The laser pulses are dense, and the marking effect is extremely fine, making it suitable for fine patterns and text.

(4) Focal length
The focal length determines the position of the focus point of the laser beam. The shorter the focal length, the more focused the laser beam is and the higher the marking accuracy. The longer the focal length, the more dispersed the laser beam becomes and the larger the marking range.
- Short focal length (50-100 mm) : The laser beam is focused, providing high marking accuracy and is suitable for fine patterns and text.
Medium focal length (100-150 mm) : The laser beam is of moderate size, providing clear marking effects and suitable for most application scenarios.
- Long focal length (150-200 mm) : The laser beam is dispersed, providing a wide marking range, making it suitable for large-area marking.

Iv. Parameter Settings in Practical Applications
(1) The clothing industry
In the clothing industry, leather products (such as leather jackets, leather pants, etc.) need to be marked with brand logos, size labels, etc. It is recommended to use low power (10-20 watts), medium scanning speed (200-400 millimeters per second) and medium pulse frequency (20-40 kilohertz). Choose a moderate focal length (100-150 millimeters) to ensure the clarity and aesthetics of the marking.

(2) Footwear industry
In the footwear industry, leather shoe uppers need to be marked with brand logos, sizes, etc. It is recommended to use medium power (20-40 watts), medium scanning speed (200-400 millimeters per second) and medium pulse frequency (20-40 kilohertz). Choose a moderate focal length (100-150 millimeters) to ensure the clarity and durability of the marking.

(3) Luggage industry
In the luggage industry, the leather surface needs to be marked with brand logos, product numbers and other markings. It is recommended to use medium power (20-40 watts), medium scanning speed (200-400 millimeters per second) and medium pulse frequency (20-40 kilohertz). Choose a moderate focal length (100-150 millimeters) to ensure the clarity and aesthetics of the marking.

(4) Automotive interior industry
In the automotive interior industry, leather seats, steering wheels, etc. need to be marked with brand logos, product numbers, etc. It is recommended to use medium power (20-40 watts), medium scanning speed (200-400 millimeters per second) and medium pulse frequency (20-40 kilohertz). Choose a moderate focal length (100-150 millimeters) to ensure the clarity and durability of the marking.

V. Experimental Methods for Parameter Optimization
To ensure the best marking effect, it is recommended to conduct parameter optimization experiments in practical applications. The specific steps are as follows:
1. Prepare samples: Prepare several leather samples of the same material and size.
2. Set parameters: Conduct marking experiments under different power, scanning speed, pulse frequency and focal length.
3. Observation results: Check the clarity, depth, contrast and surface damage of the marking.
4. Select the best parameters: Choose the optimal combination of parameters based on the experimental results.

Vi. Summary
The depth of laser marking on leather can be effectively controlled by adjusting parameters such as laser power, scanning speed, pulse frequency and focal length. By setting these parameters reasonably, clear, beautiful and durable marks can be achieved on the leather surface, while avoiding excessive damage to the leather surface. In practical applications, it is recommended to conduct parameter optimization experiments based on specific requirements to ensure the best marking effect.

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The depth of laser marking on leather can be controlled through parameter adjustment